Name a common viral cause of gastroenteritis in adults.

Norovirus is recognized as a leading viral cause of gastroenteritis in adults. It is particularly notorious for causing outbreaks in closed environments such as cruise ships, schools, and nursing homes, where it can spread rapidly. The virus is highly contagious, with a low infectious dose, meaning that even a small number of viral particles can lead to infection.

Norovirus infects the cells of the intestinal lining, leading to symptoms that include severe vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. These symptoms typically appear within 12 to 48 hours after exposure and can last for one to three days. Additionally, norovirus does not require antibiotics or antivirals for treatment; instead, management focuses on hydration and supportive care.

In contrast, while the other viruses listed are associated with gastroenteritis, their prevalence in adults is not as high as norovirus. Rotavirus predominantly affects infants and young children. Astrovirus and adenovirus also can cause gastroenteritis, but they are less common in adult populations compared to norovirus. Understanding the predominant pathogens aiding in adult gastroenteritis is essential for effective diagnosis and management of the condition.