What is the primary function of B lymphocytes?

B lymphocytes, or B cells, play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response, and their primary function is antibody production. When B cells encounter antigens, which are typically foreign substances such as pathogens, they can differentiate into plasma cells. These plasma cells are responsible for synthesizing and secreting antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, that specifically target and neutralize the identified antigens.

Antibodies are vital for marking pathogens for destruction, neutralizing toxins, and preventing the spread of infections. The ability to produce a diverse array of antibodies enables the immune system to combat various pathogens effectively.

In contrast, cellular immune response is mainly associated with T lymphocytes, phagocytosis is a function primarily carried out by macrophages and neutrophils, and antigen presentation is typically performed by specialized cells like dendritic cells and macrophages, which process and present antigens to T cells for an effective immune response. Thus, while all these functions are integral to the immune system, the unique and primary role of B cells revolves around the production of antibodies.