What is the role of endotoxins in bacterial infections?

Endotoxins play a significant role in bacterial infections primarily by triggering inflammatory responses. These components are part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are released when the bacteria die or undergo division. When endotoxins enter the host's bloodstream or tissues, they can activate immune system cells, particularly macrophages, which subsequently release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This can lead to a systemic inflammatory response, potentially causing fever, shock, and, in severe cases, septic shock.

The inflammatory response induced by endotoxins is crucial for the body’s defense against infections; however, an exaggerated response can also lead to harmful effects. Understanding this role underscores the importance of endotoxins in the pathology of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria and their contribution to the clinical manifestations observed during these infections.