Which type of cell is primarily affected by HIV?

HIV primarily targets CD4 T lymphocytes, which are crucial components of the immune system. These cells play a key role in orchestrating the immune response by recognizing and responding to infections. When HIV enters the body, it specifically attaches to the CD4 receptors on these T cells. This leads to the fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane, allowing the virus to enter the cell and begin its replication process.

As HIV replicates within the CD4 T lymphocytes, it gradually depletes the population of these cells. The decline in CD4 T cells results in immunosuppression, making the body more susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers, which is a hallmark of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The progressive loss of these cells ultimately compromises the immune system's ability to defend against pathogens.

In contrast, while other immune cells such as B lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils are essential for a robust immune response, they are not the primary targets of HIV infection. B lymphocytes are responsible for antibody production, macrophages are involved in phagocytosis and antigen presentation, and neutrophils are key players in the acute inflammatory response. However, their functionality can be affected indirectly due to the